Good Internet Censorship free essay sample

Since electronic devices such as computer, smart phone and tablet have generalised and the number of internet users is getting bigger, internet contains tremendous amount of information from trivial one to even significant information that could occur a social problem. Every information is exposed through the internet and people could touch those information easily. As these reasons, government wants to control and monitor the internet access in many nations, including North Korea, Iraq, China, Myanmar, Syria, Turkey, Vietnam, Uzbekistan, Maldives, and Tunisia so on. This, government control or suppression of what can be gain access to, distributed, or watched on the internet, is called internet censorship. The definition of internet censorship is a way used by government or religious institutions to supervise or regulate the public access to offensive or harmful materials (Turban, 2012) This topic is very sensitive subject to decide whether it should exist or not. There is a sharp division of belief between people who approve and disapprove. We will write a custom essay sample on Good Internet Censorship or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This report is going to illustrate how the censorship works by some method, why the internet censorship is necessary, and the disadvantages of internet censorship, finally it talks about examples and current situation of internet censorship in the world. Necessity of internet censorship The people who are claiming to use internet censorship argue that there are various reasons why the suppression should be accepted. Those are political reason, ethical reason and commercial reason. The political reason contain regime criticism, critical ideas, opposition party, and impact of information on society. For these reason, many countries are managing and controlling internet traffic and access of their public especially among socialist nations. The most typical example is the Chinese great firewall. China that is the one of socialist nations has single-party political organism, and the party has excessive intervention in internet growth. Their internet censorship and regulations have developed into a multidimensional and inclusive system that controls internet social usage, legal domains and commercial as well as infrastructure (Liang Lu, 2010). And the major method for these purpose is the great firewall of China. The prohibited information, activities or material which are linked through internet are positioned in nine comprehensive categories by the Chinese great firewall. Theses contain materials that first is opposing to the basic principles that are placed down in the Constitution, or management rules; second is rebellious to the government or socialism system; third disrupts country authority and subverts the unity of the state; forth instigates ethnic antagonism or cultural discrimination; fifth spread feudalism superstitions which are pornography, obscenity, murder, terrorism or gambling; sixth disturbs social order and spreads rumors; seventh insults or denigrates others in public; eighth has substances forbidden by administrative guideline or law; ninth damages the interest or reputation of the country (Cheung, 2006). As a result of these government regulation, some foremost internet websites are prohibited to be accessed by public. Facebook, YouTube and google are the example of the websites. Another reason for internet censorship is ethical factors that society considers illegal and immoral. Criminal activities through internet space, and por nography are concerned as serious social problem. Because of infinite and comprehensive nature of internet, there are various unmoral and criminal actions such as online fraud, assault of personal privacy, online gambling, distributing computer virus, and pornography (Chen, 2004). For these reasons the ethical internet censorship is be present on the secular field. In recently, child pornography has been essential issue in the world. According to Mike Keelty, more than 100,000 child pornographic websites are operating internationally, and those websites are generating about 3 billion dollars annually (Keelty, 2004). In order to protect children from these problems, internet censorship should keep operating. Other example case of ethical internet censorship is Muslim countries. Many Muslim countries block foreign websites that contain adult and secular contents. Those could be occur religious problem; in these countries the faith is the top priority. So, their government are very worried about social problem occurred by those harm internet sources. That is why the Muslim countries are trying to use internet censorship for preserve their culture and society from threat of internet. Third reason for internet censorship is commercial problem. Mexico circumstance is the most representative example of this case. This country blocked internet-based communication programs such as Skype that offers a low-priced telephone conversation services of voice-over IP which is VoIP. There are similar kind of service provider programs using VoIP that are some businesses in United Kingdom and France, and Deutsche Telekom in Germany. Recently, China made this kind of regulations, only permitting licenses to two kind of local operators in order to provide VoIP services. The reason why these countries prohibit the VoIP services is that, as the world is getting globalised, the number of telecommunications is incredibly increased. But the countries have lost huge amount of telephone consumers to the VoIP providing corporations. It causes enormous economic loss to national interest. These reasons encourage the governments to apply internet censorship for economic reason. Disadvantage of internet censorship However, the internet censorship also has various negative influences which are human right abuse, control of government, and a market access restriction. Many people who disapprove the internet censorship system contend that this organism should be stopped. The main problem of internet censorship is restriction of access to information. People argue that the internet censorship is system which is against the perspective of democracy concept. As the democracy point of view, this is a violation of human right. Every single person has a freedom of expression and the right to know. However, the internet censorship could be an obstacle of those people’s fundamental rights, and also decision-making power of human might be compromised by government regulations. There are huge debates about internet and democracy. As already mentioned about China, the Chinese government has a heavy trust that the freedom of information flow, and construction of public internet society could be a possible threats of authoritarian government (Yang, 2003). However, internet usage in China has unsuccessful up to now, and even some people believe that the internet censorship has become a device of governmental control (Tsui, 2003). Another reason why the censorship should be prohibited is a market access restriction. In economic perspectives, the internet is the most efficient method. Through the internet businesses can obtain enormous amount of information about current and future customers. However, the censorship could impact on international businesses and market negatively. First, a great number of potential customers could not access to the businesses. Second, the business could lose a chance to use the most apposite website to advertise or provide their service. Therefore, censorship can be considered as a restriction. The World Trade Organisation (WTO) which was established in 1994 is constructed on principles which is derived from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT or GATS). It suggests that overseas services and goods are regarded as identical products to domestic equivalents at least. Furthermore, the WTO applies this principle as more extended range. That is, the goods and services contain not only products and services, also intellectual property and investments. Nowadays, the WTO membership is almost worldwide; most countries accept and follow WTO principles (Hindley, 2009). Therefore, restricting businesses, under the name of the censorship, is a contravention of the principles of WTO and GATT. Future direction of the internet censorship. There is no doubt that unethical and harm substances on internet such as child pornography, should be prohibited by law or regulations, and the governments have to monitor the internet in order to block information flow of those illegal materials. However, over censoring is dangerous, it could be a threat for human basic right and democracy of the world. Therefore, we should use the internet censorship correctly. Numerous people, corporations and nations have been recognising the importance of internet in various perspectives such as a sociologic aspect, cultural aspect, economical aspect, and political aspect so on. In order to develop the internet environment, they are needed to apply the internet censorship appropriately. Even though the internet censorship involves some critical problems in democratic and economic aspects, people dare not say that it should not keep being used. It cannot be considered as a cancer of modern society or unnecessary scheme. If people use the internet censorship developmentally, internet environment could be improved for many social and economic sides; people can catch both interests of corporate and public. As an example of good internet censorship, e-commerce internet website Amazon is a censors in Thailand for a few internet website address which is to available title of book on the website, making it still available to access another web pages. Selective filtering is a positive concept for proper application of censorship. It operates on the basis of input keywords from user. Sometimes, there is no result which the internet users are looking for when the users search a particular ward on different web site search engines in some countries, as needed by regulations or agreements of government, it is called a â€Å"Public Pledge on Self Discipline†. In the future and current internet society, internet censorship is needed, and government must use this ability properly by looking after the basic right of their public. If the government abuse the censor power for their interest or to keep their authority, it is better that there is no censorship. The censorship must regulate only the minimum illegal and unethical material, not invade liberty and privacy of internet users. Conclusion The internet censorship is one of the most controversy key issue in modern society. Internet world stat illustrates that there are enormous increase of internet users; between from 2000 to 2012 there is 566. 4% growth of internet users (Stats, 2012). And there are much more potential users; therefore, this censorship debate is the most important topic for both present and future. As the amount of internet user increase, the amount of materials and informations also increase rapidly, and there are also a lot of bad materials as well. For this reason, people ask that ‘is it reasonable to regulate and monitor individual internet access? ’ or ‘is the internet censorship necessary? ’. This is very sensitive topic; some people believe internet censorship is the positive method for internet environment and social problem, while others argue that the censorship is the suppression of liberty. The internet censorship contains both advantages and disadvantages. There are three reasons why the internet censorship is necessary, which are the political reason, ethical reason, and economic reason. The disadvantages are human right abuse, control of government, and a market access restriction. So, this essay suggests a solution for this debate. There is no doubt that the harm materials are very dangerous for humans, furthermore the potential threats of them are too huge to predict. So, the internet censorship has to be existed. However, it should not over censor or be abused by government for their interest. It must regulate only the minimum illegal and unethical material, not invade liberty and privacy of internet users.

What to Do With Your PSAT Scores

What to Do With Your PSAT Scores SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You’ve taken the PSAT and gotten your score report, but what’s next? This is a guide as to how to interpret and use your PSAT score to help you prepare for the SAT. Read on to make the most of your PSAT score. Interpreting Your PSAT Scores On your PSAT score report, you will get scores for each section and an overall composite score. On the â€Å"old† PSAT (any PSAT taken during the 2014-15 school year and earlier), the test is scored out of 240 total points, with Critical Reading, Writing, and Math each being worth 80 points (notice that this matches with the current 2400 SAT scoring system). The scores on the new PSAT (which will start being given during the 2015-2016 year) will be matched up with the New SAT (which is scored out of 1600) and scored between 320 and 1520 – 160-760 for Math, and 160-760 for Reading and Writing combined. Your PSAT score is designed to predict your actual SAT score, so if you get a 1300 PSAT that means you are predicted to get around a 1300 SAT. (The PSAT scale doesn't go up to a perfect 1600 since the SAT is harder than the PSAT. So even if you score very high on the PSAT you won't necessarily be set up to get a perfect 1600 on the SAT, though you will be predicted to get a very high score.) You also get subscores for Math, Reading, and Writing so you can see which subsections you are best at. You will also get score ranges on the report – these are meant to show the extent your score could change with repeated testing. Keep in mind these ranges are just estimates, so don’t think that you can’t get a higher score than the top of your score range on the real SAT. Also don’t assume that you won’t score any lower than your predicted ranges. Furthermore, your predicted SAT score is also an estimate, and certainly not set in stone. Your actual SAT score will depend on numerous factors, including how much you study and how much more difficult the real SAT is. What You Can Learn from Score Comparisons Your PSAT score report will also include a number of score comparisons to put your score in context. These comparisons are a lot more helpful than just comparing your PSAT score report with your friends' reports (as exhilarating as that can be). For all you know, your school could have PSAT scores well below or above the national average. First, the score report will show the average scores that other test-takers got nationwide per grade. According to College Board, if you’re at the average score or higher, you’re on track to develop the reading, writing, and math skills you’ll need in college. College Board also includes benchmarks for each section. These are scores you should meet or exceed to be considered on track for college. (College Board doesn’t specify what happens if the average score is lower than the benchmarks they set. Likely the benchmark should take precedent over the score average, since the average is dependent on the students who take the test. So if you score above the average but are still below the college-readiness benchmark, assume you need to put in more work to be considered on track for college.) Percentiles are also given for each section, comparing you to others in your grade. For example, if you are in the 70th percentile in the Reading section, you scored higher than 70% of other students in your grade on this section. These comparisons are a good measure of your overall progress and ability, and can help you spot any potential red flags. For example, if you’re above the 90th percentile for Reading and Writing but at the 50th percentile for Math, you know that you will have the most work to do in the Math section when you study for the SAT. It might also be a cue to work harder in math class. But keep in mind it’s more important to meet your own SAT goals (like a score high enough for your top school) than to be at the top of the percentile charts. How College Board’s Tools Can Help You Study Part of the PSAT’s purpose is to help students get introduced to the SAT in a low-stress context and learn about their skills and weaknesses on the SAT. College Board is trying to expand this by creating a more detailed online score report for the new PSAT. It will include performance summaries for each section, insights into strengths and weaknesses grouped by content area and level of difficulty, and a scanned copy of your essay so you can evaluate your performance. The old score reports had many of these elements, including breaking down sections into concepts and reporting how many questions you got right for each. But they didn't expressly analyze your strengths and weaknesses, include detailed percentile rankings, or include your essay. College Board is also adding additional resources. One of these is a partnership with Khan Academy, that will give students targeted SAT practice based on their PSAT performance. They are also adding a feature that predicts your readiness for AP courses, and even a personality profiler to help you explore college majors and careers. How You Can Go Further to Prepare for the SAT As we've discussed, your PSAT report gives you tons of valuable data about how you are shaping up to do on the SAT. But now that you have the report, you can use more than just College Board's tools. Come up with a personal target SAT score, create a plan, and study until you're positive you'll achieve your target score. By doing that, you can get an SAT score that will help you get into your top schools. Does that seem a bit ambitious? We'll take it step by step. First, Know Your Goal You can't hit the target if it doesn't exist! While College Board analyzes your PSAT score in detail, before you start studying for the real SAT, it’s important to have an end goal in mind. There is a huge difference between going from a 1300 PSAT to a 1400 SAT than a 1300 PSAT to a 1600 SAT. So how do you know your SAT target score? Based on the score ranges of the most competitive schools you want to get into. We have a detailed guide to coming up with your SAT target score based on your top colleges. You might also base your target score off scholarship score cut-offs at state schools. Once you have your goal in mind, you can determine how long you need to study and schedule your study plan. For example, if you decide you need to study 40 hours, will you study for 4 hours a week for 10 weeks or 10 hours a week for a month? Actionables from this section: set your SAT target score, determine the length of time you’ll study. Second, Analyze Your Weaknesses and Strengths Before you begin to study, you also need to know where your strong points are and where you’re weak. The PSAT does a good amount of this for you on the score report by analyzing the problems you got wrong. However, it doesn’t tell you why you got certain problems wrong – for example, you may see you missed 3 Pre-Algebra problems, but the score report can’t explain why you got them wrong. Did you completely misunderstand the questions or were you going too fast and making silly mistakes? The why is what you’ll get at as you start studying. We recommend grabbing a notebook and making an initial inventory of your strengths and weaknesses based on the PSAT score report. As you start doing SAT practice problems and tests, expand on this list and add detail as to why you’re getting problems wrong and what you need to do to fix your mistakes. The goal is to shrink your list of weaknesses as you study. Remember – don’t just study until you can get something right, study it until you’re positive you can’t get it wrong. Actionables from this section: create your â€Å"weakness† notebook based on your PSAT report. Third, Gather Resources to Study Of course, you can’t study for the SAT with your PSAT score report alone. An easy place to start is the free online resources from the SAT, like the Khan Academy program we described above. You can also check out other free, online resources we have gathered for studying, as well as SAT practice tests you can access online. We also have a study guide for the new SAT, and tips for studying vocabulary on the new SAT. But websites alone might not cut it. Check out our advice on the best SAT prep books on the market, including math-specific prep books. Remember to keep the "quality over quantity" rule in mind. Don't spend time finding 15 different resources if you're only going to use a few of them. Finally, if you're considering a formal preparation program, we highly recommend our PrepScholar program – not just because it’s ours, but because it was created by experts. We truly believe it’s the best test preparation service on the market. Actionables from this section: determine which study tools you’ll use and gather them. Remember: The PSAT Is Just Your Starting Point Your PSAT performance will give you some great data on how you are shaping up to do on the SAT. From detailed section performance breakdowns to your final predicted SAT score, the PSAT gives you a lot of info about your potential SAAT performance. However, the main reason to take the PSAT is to practice for the SAT. Just because you’ve taken the PSAT, don’t underestimate the SAT itself, which is longer and more difficult. Full practice tests should be part of your study regimen. Also, do not assume your PSAT score dictates your eventual SAT score! It’s more than possible to outscore your PSAT on the real SAT if you study. It’s also more than possible to score lower than your PSAT if you don’t study enough. Use your PSAT score as just one tool as you move into serious studying for the SAT. Used correctly, it can be a very helpful tool. What’s Next? Get a complete guide to the new 2015-16 PSAT, a practice test for the new PSAT, and a guide to the new SAT in 2016. If you’re in the class of 2017, you’re probably wondering whether you should take the old or new SAT. Get an in-depth analysis of the pros and cons of each possibility here. If you want to compare the percentiles on your PSAT report with actual SAT scores, check out our guide to SAT percentile ranks. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 4

Marketing - Essay Example They also serve as the management team with specific roles and responsibilities. Adam Balon, 26, handles the sales functions of the company. He graduated with a degree in Economics and earned a place in Harvard MBA. He has worked as a marketing manager for Virgin Cola UK. His competencies include developing brand strategies, budget management and extensive experience in dealing with impulse and grocery multiples to drive listings. He has previous positions as brand manager, logistics and production planning in Virgin Cola. He has worked as a business analyst in the financial services and grocery retailing. John Wright, 25, manages the operations of the company. He graduated with a Masters in Manufacturing Engineering. He worked as a consultant at Bain & Company. His competencies include developing start up plans setting up new ventures, business cases with negotiating strategies to invest/dispose business units and heavy involvement in IT and recruitment operations. He has worked across different industries in manufacturing, financial services and media. Richard Reed runs the marketing functions of the company. He graduated with a degree in Geography. He has 4 years experience in the advertising industry. He served as an account director on BMP DDB Needham Marketing agency that handles the Volkswagen business account. His competencies include devising and implementing new marketing strategies to double the market share. He has intensive knowledge in macro-planning and retail communications that would exploit new services and new revenue streams to the agency. He has previously served as business director for BMP’s interactive marketing consultancy as well as director for new business. The core competency of Fresh Trading Ltd is centred on marketing and business strategy as derived from the experiences of the management team. Core competency is defined as the collective learning in the

Life Interview with My Grandmother Nana Case Study

Life Interview with My Grandmother Nana - Case Study Example My interview with my grandmother went off well, and I had a lot to learn from her in terms of my life and most importantly my career. The live interview with an elderly is important and beneficial since the process is attributed to promoting understanding and self-understanding. By summing up her life, I had a clear picture of how she coped in every stage of development and will be helpful in understanding my patients in my nursing career. However, due to her age, I encountered some difficulties such as lack of clear memory of the past events. According to researchers, natural foods will be the best for her health; I would recommend her, to use natural food to ensure that her body is strong enough to fight aging diseases. Frequent walking is another therapy that would be helpful for her muscle relaxation. In the community, today, there are several support groups for the elderly that would help her not to feel isolated from the active part of the community. Sharing with other elderly people would also help her in realizing that she is not alone and can count on them for social support. The interview experience was an enlightening experience for me, and I believe D.A also enjoyed it, as well. Through the interview, I was able to experience firsthand information and interaction with an elder adult besides the classroom learning. It was also enlightening considering the fact that we bonded well, and I was able to receive all the necessary information that was essential to the assessment. Nana can remember it clearly it was two years after their dad died, and she found a part-time job in one of the McDonalds outlets as a waiter. However, in her college level, she studied nursing, and it was after she graduated she got her first career job in George Washington University Hospital, where she worked as a nurse for 30 years as a nurse. In her early 50s, she got a job in Friends Nursing Home where she worked for 10 years and later retired. She said working as a nurse was one of the most amazing experiences she had since she had an opportunity of helping helpless people.

Term Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Term Paper - Essay Example An example of this landscape is the Donnell garden, Sonoma, CA which is going to be discussed in this paper. This beautiful and most popularized place in the recent history of the United States America, in particular in the California state preserves one of the iconic designs ever created. The shape and lay out of this monumental cultural landscape tells it all. According to the available records the landscape design was done by architect Thomas Church, with h the help of Lawrence Helprin and fellow architect George Rockrise. This design which was identified as Donnell Garden in Sonoma was done for the family of the Donnell’s-Jean and Dewey. Nowadays the garden is regarded as the Modernist Icon as well as one of the top most preserved examples relating to its time (Treib, 2003.). The subject family selected as a location, a favorite point on their ranch where picnics could be enjoyed by both the residents and the visitors to the family. This point is described as hillside over looking the San Francisco Bay’s northern extensions. This gives the location a unique viewing point of the environment it has been established. This unique location and design was completed in 1948 and sooner than later the garden become popular for its unusual, distinct, abstracted forms. This made the place the frequently photographed point in its vicinity. This further promoted it to stand out as a modern California living style that took place both outdoors and indoors, with fluid transitions amid these equally important locations (Treib, 3 Maturity and Modernity. 2003). It is worth noting that the garden was designed at the time in which the economy of California was considered booming and experiencing a rapid growth in its population. The conception of the garden by Church was to offer a place where people could relax, swim, entertain, garden, and play as well as barbeque. This gave a blended point where various recreational activities could be done simultaneously or co nsecutively giving someone a complete experience of the environment in terms of weather and climate prevailing at the point (Treib, The Donnel and ALCOA Gardens. 2004). This further explains why the place is considered the modern iconic place of California living style. At the Donnell garden, it is clear that the designer Church attempted to respond to the specific characteristics relating to client and site, whereas exploring new forms. Of specific interest to note is the biomorphic kidney-shaped swimming pool; its Adaline Kent sculpture that functions both as a central point and a minute, inhabitable island; as well as the floating deck that is designed with a wooden boards checkerboard that conserved trees whereas extending the living space outdoors. This beautiful transition between the inside and outside of the location gives a well thought modern way of connecting life styles from the indoors and outdoors by providing coordination of the scene at the point focused on (Walker 1 989). More description of the cultural landscapes helps to give people the desire to be associated with the model modern tourist destination. It is described one of the very important gardens ever associated with the 20th century. It is also referred to as the El Novillero a name that comes after the former use of the site as a ranch (Walker 1989). This partly explains that renaming was necessary to make it an iconic

Language Barriers In Global Advertising Cultural Studies Essay

Language Barriers In Global Advertising Cultural Studies Essay Strategic advertising and marketing of recent years are not now same for each continent and country, but it started to change. Today, it is common to enhance a uniform strategy to be employed globally. Therefore, this enhancement recommends that the periodically issue of cultural changes have been obviously broken. The good side of international advertising is the creation of a integrated brand that can be known at everywhere, regardless the language it might be used. Some instances of those global brands are; Culture is a broad topic which includes everything from socially spread behavior, arts, beliefs, tradition, education and thought. It is obvious that there are going to be vital cultural differences regarding the different historical base of country. There are three main topics for culture that have normally been cited to wrong interpretations and social mistakes. Indeed if we list them: religion, sex and language spoken. Religion, is a subject most people would exactly not try to debate with a foreigner. Some changes in mind according to worship and the traditions related in it can spark some controversy. Furthermore, the persist pressure to rise the population of the value is a factor to religion being a general subject that invites social mistake and misjudge. Therefore, it is so hard to demand an international advertising promotion on a religious product without leading to protests or rumors. Cultural changes regarding gender are recognized to nearly all societies. (Gilly 1988, p .76) by the thought of advertising, it is essential to connect sex to language because language make human reality solid. 1.2 Language: Root cultural barrier Despite there are broadly spoken languages in the world like Spanish, English and Chinese, the challenge of language as a cultural obstacle is still. Being the main vehicle of expression, language becomes the root cultural barrier that differs people from one field to another. Since language is important in advertising, it is noted that the specific use of words make or cut the efficiency of a promotion. 1.3 Tackling the language barrier When designing a worldwide advertising campaign, the most important thing that international companies should remember is to decide whether they will create a standardized campaign or make varied advertisements for select countries. Language is always a key element in discussing standardization. There are cases where all the execution elements of a worldwide campaign are the same except for the language. But this is not a common scenario because most advertisers agree that the message becomes more effective when put in the vernacular instead of one standardized language. Furthermore, they also use standardization in almost all key elements more than their non-Western counterparts. (p.64) With the results of this particular study, one can say that the trend today leans toward standardizing language less since all the top agencies originate from the West. 2. MEDIA LIMITATIONS Commercial media is another effective effect on international advertisement.   Media might reduce the effects of advertising set of plan and might push the firms to underline the other aspects of promotional mixture. A firms ability to create is basically challenged while a television advertisement is restricted to ten showing one year without two exposal nearer than ten days. Advertisers affect what sort of story is interpreted. More effective, advertisements themselves form peoples opinions of the world. They are a spreading source of unreality, encouraging lack of security and movement of buyers. There are of course number of issues with the intense media. But some of the media are much better than others, judged by the criteria of accuracy, quality and independence of special interests. Most media critics seem to believe that it is possible to promote and develop enlightened, responsive, truly educative mass media. Efforts at reform can be worthwhile, but have intrinsic limits. The issues are not with media in common, but with media, namely those media that are produced by relatively few people compared to the number who receive them. Most large newspapers, radio and television stations suitable for this description. Mass media by their nature give power to a few and offer little scope for participation by the vast majority. 2.1 The power of the mass media is corrupting. The sole unexpected thing is how responsible some of the broad media are. Given the corruptions of power, revolution of the broad media, beside useful, should not be the target. Instead, the purpose should be to occupy widely media by communication systems that are more open to participation. If we focus on the usual approaches we can outline that most analyses of the media presume that there are just two options, both, state control or a free market. The problem with control by the government is that control is from a centre based. The media of military regimes and bureaucratic socialist states are infamous with their censorship. The supporters of the free market dispute that state-owned media, or narrow regulations, are noxious even in liberal democracies. The issue with free market media is that they give only a so restricted freedom, namely freedom for wide media firms and other dynamic corporate interests. Everyone is free to own a publishing company or television station. The primary issue seen as adopting a global strategy is: It is really hard for firms, especially in deeply centralized businesses, to manage all the activities of various of broadly scattered international applications. 2) The organization has to continue existing communication between headquarters and the auxiliaries. 3) When held to an intense, worldwide technique ends in a lack of reaction quality and flexibility in particular market aimed. 4) Regional leaders who are passed of self independence on their country operations might be down and cause a lack of organizational courage.(Hills, Gerald E, 1997) 3 CULTURAL DIFFERENCES AND INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS In the international area, understanding and identifying cultural distinct may make a huge change between successful business negotiations and mortifying rejections. International business communication plays a main role in this, while understanding how to communicate through what they are talking about as view is a big advantage. Every culture has their own way of saying things, what may not be offending to you may be offending to them. International business communication is all about knowing the important thing that lies behind peoples words in the international arena. International business communication is communicating across cultures and the first thing we have to keep in mind is the basic understanding that one size does not fit all. Keeping in mind that the cultural traditions or habits we have does not mean that everyone else around the world does. As it is said, When in Rome, do as the Romans do. Culture is the different ways in which people act, or consider towards themselves, families, and other people in the community. It involves traditions related with social, political, family, and religious values. Differences must be identified and recognized to bridge the gaps between cultures and for real communication to take place. Some of the effective international business communication guidelines that may help you swing that deal are: Non-verbal and Verbal behavior Each language have their own linguistic choices, and those choice help us giving clues about the specific cultures the way to act, manners, and considering. The English people use modesty and understatement, and are sometimes deliberately unclear to avoid confrontation and so kind. Oratory, expressiveness, and flowery of words are most general among Italians and the Spanish, Germans and also are so reasonable in manner. Knowing what people mean when they say yes is very important; it may mean yes, I understand but not yes, I agree. Gestures Gestures consists sensitivity and mindfulness, as gestures that are not violating to you might be so violating to the other, as in the case of indicating someone to come, some would hold out their hand with the palm up and then move the fingers gesturing the person to come. In Asian culture however, this kind of gesture is considered offensive. To gesture someone to come in Asian culture should be done with the palm facing down and then rolling the fingers. 3.1 Relationship between Culture and Advertising Advertising is thought to act as a mirror reflecting culture by transferring current cultural meanings (McCracken 1986).  By rephrasing, advertisements are taken in consideration as a model of social communication that influence the cultural values of a society (Khairullah 1995).  Meantime, advertising makes and builds new type of cultural values and meanings by affecting group identities and reinforcing stereotypes.  Therefore advertising is not sole affected by cultural values moreover behaves as an agent affecting cultural values.  Since a marketing concept, advertisers have been more fascinated in the influences of culture on buyers reaction to advertising. People prefer to live in their cultural restrictions; for instance, people have their own cultural values and norms, which affect the way they consider, feel and behave.  People in the same ethnic groups have same tendency to share the language, traditions and values,.  These shared values like culture influence peoples cognitive (beliefs and motives), affective (emotion and attitude) and behavioural (purchase and consumption) processes. Regarding this idea of advertising as a mirror, cultural values and standards are implanted in ads in such a way that consumers can see themselves and identify with the characters in the ads and feel affinity with the brands (Hong, Muderrissoglu and Zinkhan 1987).  Therefore, cultural distinctiveness in the world influences how ethnic buyers consider and acknowledge advertising messages. PART -B- 4 HIGH CONTEXT AND LOW CONTEXT COMMUNICATION Nowadays business relations, world is small. Since so many companies turn to worldwide markets, workers are finding themselves in foreign locales, dealing as never before. Nevertheless, the main thing to efficient communication for countries is an understanding of each others culture, tradition, as a working knowledge of how each society passes meaning. It is first used by author Edward Hall, the expressions high context and low context are categorises explaining inherent cultural distinctiveness between communities. High-context and low-context communication aims implying to how much speakers depend on things other than words to pass meaning. In every culture, members are supplied with particular filters that let them to concentrate sole on what community has considered significantly. Mainly, cultures that refer low-context communication will have to pay more attention to the literal meanings of words than to the context surrounding them. International advertising has gone a quite long way with combining different ties and breaking distinct borders over the world. The awareness of a product if they are placed in an area far from home, suddenly point efficiency and value. By the thought of occuring a global village with the exceeded products the world has to suggest, worldwide advertising has well worked with media in making this real. Nevertheless, cultural obstacles are still in place across the world. An opinion of a woman in Turkey cannot be same as a woman in the United Kingdom or the one from Kenya. By language as the main tool for explaining these opinions, worldwide advertising has a hard way of contending with those cultural differences due to many physical differences in language and its different interpretations. Therefore, a study has reached the conclusion that beside standardization was put to affect, sole execution and strategy are nearly all the time standardized. Language, what is thought a separate aspect, still balances the line. This outline, that it is a main belief that languages are still a hurdle that can obstruct the efficiency of a message. The numerous interpretations that can be gathered will reduce the single push that the product needs to advertise. Nevertheless, there are styles in advertising that can receive a message without the words used. Language can either be a obstruction and a tool, it is how one is going to use it what is going to decide its aim. As worldwide advertising points to promote a good that can keep busy peoples minds and affect consumer behaviors, international advertisement campaigns have to be straight forward and easy to help message of the product philosophy is not going to be lost in translation, so to speak. Understanding the cultures and their differences is primary thing in Inter cultural communication. There are various factors in communication like time, social framework and non-verbal communication. Communication itself is an exchange of information between senders and receivers, and thus, people easily refer it as a simple matter. However, communication is very complex and high-technological context to understand and to use. This complex context becomes more difficult when culture is involved. Different cultures have different ways to communicate, and by understanding how these cultures communicate, effective inter-cultural communication can be achieved.  

Anayas Bless Me, Ultima: A Psychological Critique of Religions Essay

Christianity, Judaism, Islam. These are only a few of the many religions in this world. How does one choose which religion to follow? Is it their background, nationality, belief, or because that’s the only thing they have always known or come in contact with? The concept of religion is a complex one, a concept to be investigated and questioned. This is the journey that Antonio Marex Luna explores in Rudolfo Anaya’s (1972) Chicano novel Bless Me, Ultima. Throughout the novel, Antonio fights a psychological war in his mind about all the religions and faiths that surround him in his everyday routine. All his life he was raised to believe in God, and as a result he grew to be a devote Catholic. However, some of his beliefs alter when Ultima, a curandera, comes to live with his family. By witnessing her mysterious powers, Antonio begins to question his beliefs. For many years following Ultima’s arrival Antonio balanced the religions of both worlds, by praying to the Virgin Mary while his brothers were away at war, as well as helping Ultima pick and care for her many magical herbs. At first, he didn’t compare the two faiths, but as time went on, he knew it was time to choose which path he wanted to follow into his future. It was his mother’s dream for Antonio to grow to be a priest and be considered a leader of the people and he deeply wanted to grant his mother’s wish. Even at the young age of 6, he would act priestly by blessing those who were in most need. For example, he was there for Narciso’s his last confession and performed the man’s last rites as he lay on his deathbed. Antonio also put a blessing over his brothers so that they would be safe as they left home. Throughout the novel, Antonio suffered an excessive ... ...the carp, he witnessed something elemental, magical, and miraculous without much effort and continued to hear the stories told with great detail and logic. With further investigation he concludes that the legend of the Magic Carp could have very well taken place. With these two concepts of religion, Antonio battles and organizes his thoughts through questions and observation. At certain points he believes that he will be sent to hell for believing in the stories of the King of the Fish. After all, the golden carp is a natural, pagan deity compared to the Christian God Antonio is used to worshipping. But in the end, that too is the teachings of Ultima’s wisdom, Antonio realizes he must learn to live in a world in which Catholicism and the golden carp can coexist, and he must grow to impart knowledge and enlightenment from all the spiritual forces in his life.

Causes of Macbeths Downfall Essay

Shakespeare’s Macbeth, based on a play written in 1605 explores the life journey of Macbeth as he climbs the ladder of the social hierarchy. Determined to become King, Macbeth will kill any and all that get in his way. Driven by ambition, Macbeth puts his faith in the words and prophecies of three witches after a prediction that Macbeth would gain the new title of Thane of Cawdor. Alongside with ambition, Lady Macbeth, is a key instrument to Macbeths’ ambition to become king, continuously pressuring him, when he fears he has gone too in his schemes for greatness. We can definitely see a well – regarded and loyal soldier of the Scottish army change to a murderous tyrant. His downfall is complete and he is responsible for his fate. It is his ambition, the influence of his wife, Lady Macbeth and the prophesies of the three witches and then his misplaced confidence in his invulnerability that causes his decline. These all contribute to the primary reasons for Macbeth s moral downfall as he climbs the ladder of success. The term ‘moral downfall’ refers to the emotional and social impact as oppose to a physical downfall, which is described as a step back in society, including the loss of money, fortune, family, social life and wellbeing. By succumbing to committing evil acts to achieve his ambition, he basically destroys Macbeths morality, leading to his downfall. Macbeths Ambition In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, ambition is the main theme that the protagonist, Macbeth, possesses. To be ambitious is basically an eager or strong desire to achieve something, such as fame or power. In Macbeth, ambition is a main theme. Macbeth, the protagonist and tragic hero in William Shakespeare’s Macbeth, possesses hamartia. Hamartia, named by Aristotle in Poetics, is a tragic flaw possessed by any tragic hero. Over the course of the play, Macbeth’s ambition grows. He succeeds in murdering Duncan, being named the new king, and ruling the kingdom. As his success grows, so does his ambitious nature. Fearing that the rest of the witches’ prophecy will come true (that Banquo’s sons will be kings), Macbeth decides to murder both him and his son (namely Fleance). Still feeling threatened, Macbeth murders Macduff’s family (to send a message of his power to Macduff). It is evident in the play that this theme exists. We can definitely see that Macbet h uses  his ambition to justify bad and evil actions, whereas most will use it for good. Not only it is seen throughout the course of the play, he’s ambition is revealed by Macbeth in Act 1, Scene 7. As mentioned in lines 25-27, Macbeth says: I have no spur to prick the sides of my intent, but only vaulting ambition, which o’erleaps itself and falls on th’ other. Macbeth, trying to rationalise his impending murder of King Duncan, continues his great â€Å"If it were done† which was a technique incorporated by Shakespeare called a soliloquy. As Macbeth has just explained to himself, there’s no real justification for the crime—Duncan is his relative, a meek and moral man, a good king, and, furthermore, a guest at his castle. All this argues against so bloody a deed, which will appear unjustifiable to mortal and divine eyes alike. Therefore, Macbeth has no â€Å"spur† to prick his intent, which is likened to a wild steed—no motivation to inspire the murder. Continuing the horse metaphor, he can only draw on â€Å"vaulting ambition†: an intense desire for power. His desire vaults even beyond its intrinsic limits (â€Å"oâ€℠¢erleaps itself†) to land on â€Å"th’other† (the other side)—possibly, to land somewhere unknown and beyond reason, as Macbeth regrets that he is motivated only by ambition and not by some more worthy motive. Those propelled by ambition often end up worse than they were before once the deed is done. Through this quote mentioned in Macbeths’ soliloquy in Act 1, Scene 7, it is evident that Macbeth is driven by his ambition to kill for power as his only motivation to gain the crown leading to Macbeths’ moral downfall. Lady Macbeth Alongside with Macbeths’ ambition to become Thane of Cawdor, his wife, Lady Macbeth is another influential being that causes Macbeths downfall. As the lead up to the event of King Duncan’s murder Lady Macbeth tricks Macbeth into killing Duncan by using her cunning and complicated words. She makes Macbeth think that he has to kill Duncan for his benefit. Lady Macbeth deceives him into thinking that only he would gain more power, and it wouldn’t benefit her. Lady Macbeth counters Macbeths’ arguments by saying that he needs to muster up all of his courage, and just follow here directions. Lady Macbeth plans the murder strategies, and influences Macbeth to go along with her strategy. Macbeth doesn’t want to kill a good king for his own ambitions, but is persuaded to do it. From Lady Macbeth persuading  him to kill Duncan, the first evil act he commits, he is drawn into believing the witches’ prophecies, and takes action to make them come true. Through various quotes by Lady Macbeth, it is evident to say that with each other by their sides, was a negative influence to the lead up of Macbeths’ downfall. Lady Macbeth blames her husband for lacking the courage to do the deed, and because Macbeth is a warrior above everything else, her comments manipulate him a good deal. Indeed, â€Å"manliness† is an idea the play interrogates in various ways, such as when Macbeth says â€Å"I dare do all that may become a man who dares do more is none† (1.7.46-47). This is the belief that his wife use against him: â€Å"When you durst do it, then you were a man and to be more than what you were, you would be so much more a man† (1.7.51-53). In short, it is by means of his manhood, fundamental to his belief of himself as warrior, that Lady Macbeth manipulates her husband. Through these quotes, revealed by Lady Macbeth, we can establish that Lady Macbeth was another factor influencing the decision-making of Macbeth, thereby causing his downfall. Three Witches With the influence of Macbeths’ ambition driving him to kill King Duncan as well as Macbeths’ wife, Lady Macbeth, driving him to fulfil his ambition, although there is another factor in Macbeths’ downfall. At the start of the play, the three witches inform Macbeth that he is destined to be king, as they are responsible for the introduction of the ideas that caused Duncan’s death and Macbeth’s destruction but not for Macbeth’s actions themselves. Ultimately the witches represents his fate and symbolise the dark side of humanity and the evilness of these beings, is evident that from the beginning when they meet and choose Macbeth to be their plaything. They live to torture and harass. While they do not physically create the downfall of any human, they do lead the humans to fall by their own demise, by way of misleading illusions. In Act 1, Scene 3 the three witches make a chilling prophecy saying: â€Å"All hail, Macbeth, hail to thee, thane of Cawdor!† and â€Å"All hail, Macbeth, thou shalt be king hereafter!† each revealing Macbeths’ future. In these lines, it is evident that Macbeth thinks about what being king would be like and since he is known as a brave warrior, this causes him to break down even more. This is the other role that they play in the downfall of Macbeth. These predictions by the three  witches soon motivates Macbeth to commit actions of evil and selfishness, which includes the murder of his best friend Banquo and the murders of Macduff’s’ family. By Macbeth becoming over confident we can see he has lost his moral values from becoming a well-liked and respected Scottish Gener al to an evil murderous fool. To conclude, the factors contributing to Macbeths’ moral downfall include his ambition to become King of Scotland by murdering his cousin, King Duncan, and the primary factor which was his wife, Lady Macbeth, that influenced him to commit such immoral acts through the insulting nature Lady Macbeth adopts. Finally, the last factor is the witches’ prophecies which drove Macbeth into believing he will be king and will have all this fame and power. However, he soon realises that he lost more than he received. We can see that Macbeth experienced a moral downfall as oppose to a downfall, which is described as a step back in society, including the loss of money, fortune, family, social life and wellbeing. We can see in Shakespeare’s Macbeth that Macbeth experienced a moral downfall as he climbed the hierarchy only to achieve nothing but hatred and loss of loved ones.

Interview with pediartrician

Interview with pediartrician I interviewed Dr. Samina Ajmal from Zulekha Hospital, Dubai. We discussed Obesity; THE BANE OF THE DEVELOPED WORLD- is spreading its tentacles among the young in the UAE too. Dr. Samina Ajmal explains how I can be tackled.Maria: What are the major concerns regarding eating patterns of children in the U.A.E?Dr. Samina: I have worked with children for about 12 years now. In the U.A.E, I feel the eating habits of children are particularly distorted because parents are hard-pressed for time especially if both of them are working. Due to this, it becomes common practice to eat out and the main emphasis is on junk food.Children get into the habit of eating while on the go and snacking from an early age. They lack balanced nutrition. Hence they start to develop health problems like obesity, iron deficiency, constipation and other nutritional deficiencies.Maria: At what age should a child be allowed to make his own food choices and how should this transition be achieved?Body mass index (BMI) valuesDr. Samina: A child can be taught to take his/her food any time after the age of four. In fact, by encouraging this practice parents can gradually guide the child into a lifelong habit of eating healthy foods. Moreover, it adds an element of adventure to the monotonous process of eating (regular food items) for the child.Practice food democracy. Let your kid include his choice of vegetables or fruit in the dinner menu. He will feel respected. Also, teach children how to make meals more nutritious.Make subtle changes. Don't forcibly exercise control over the dietary habits of your child. Setting rigid rules, like banning ice cream, often backfires because children in such cases tend to indulge in these food items when they re at a party or at a friend's house.

Oppenheimer and Sakharov and the Cold War essays

Oppenheimer and Sakharov and the Cold War essays Oppenheimer and Sakharov and the Cold War J. Robert Oppenheimer and Andrei Sakharov are both considered leaders of nuclear physics during the World War II and the Cold War. The two men had astonishingly similar lives, achievements and views on nuclear weapons. Andrei Sahkarov (1921-1989), a Soviet nuclear physicist, is said to be the father of the Soviet hydrogen bomb and an advocate of human rights. In 1948, he was drawn to a top-secret scientific and engineering team that USSR leader Joseph Stalin assigned to develop thermonuclear weapons for the Soviet Union, during which he lived in the secluded city Arzamas-16. His work was crucial to the development and testing of first Soviet hydrogen bomb in August 1953. From 1960 to the time of his death, he fought for the rights and freedoms that democratic societies encompass, like the freedom of speech, assembly, and emigration, which are guaranteed in theory by the Soviet doctrines, but denied in practice. He used his influence to fight for human rights, which ultimately led to his exile. J. R. Oppenheimer (1904-1967) was an American physicist and government adviser, who is considered the father of the atomic bomb. During the height of World War II, Oppenheimer became the director the Los Alamos Laboratories in New Mexico. It was there, under his leadership, that the first atomic bomb was developed and tested in 1945. In 1947, he was appointed director of the Institute of Advanced Studies and chairman of the General Advisory Committee of the Atomic Energy Commission. After the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, he became morally critical of the future development of nuclear weapons and argued for mutual disarmament. Consequently, he became a target of the Red Scare, attackers citing his past associations with Communists. During his final years, he devoted much of his time to the study of the relationship between science and society. Both scientists were at the for...

Science and nature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Science and nature - Essay Example e of this discussion is to discuss the relationship between science and nature by evaluating whether or not they are opposed or complimentary of one another. From a scientific viewpoint, there is a way to connect everything natural related to the earth and to nature. One can find that biological life is full of mathematical constants, physical constants and so on. For example, due to the earth’s gravity; the speed of terminal velocity is always the same for any object. This can be translated to the example that a feather dropped from a 100 story building and a rock dropped from the very same3 building; will reach the exact same maximum speed eventually which is of course terminal velocity. Other constants such as the boiling temperature for water or the freezing point of water will always be the same regardless of where one is located on the planet given that the water is not tainted. These examples are just a few of thousands of examples which implicate the certainty of scientific law. When switching viewpoints momentarily from a formulaic scientific viewpoint and observing the earth’s natural beauty from a position of wonder and awe, one does not need to know the freezing point of water to watch and take notice of the beauty of a snow fall in winter. Similarly, one does not need to know the mathematical representation of terminal velocity to appreciate the silent sway of leaves falling from their branches in autumn. Comprehending the connection between all things in nature; even from a highly calculated and scientific awareness, one can still be amazed at the rich colors of the setting sun at dusk or the inky grays of an approaching storm. One may look at the sky at dusk and take a moment to appreciate the full spectrum of colors represented while knowing that what they are seeing is refracted light from the sun which is simply being fragmented and redirected at the point of the horizon as the earth rotates through its daily cycle. Certain things

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 23

Report - Essay Example Notably, with regard to the understanding gained from the study, it can be said that dementia is a term used to describe the syndrome where there is a progressive decline in the ability of a person to function in everyday activities, behavior, thinking and memory owing to the unstable condition of the brain. These changes affect the social, psychological and physical life of an individual with regard to career, family and society (WHO, 2012). Though dementia is not a result of ageing, it certainly affects older age individual more than others. According to the report of the World Health Organization, around 35.6 million people have been diagnosed with dementia worldwide in the recent time. The second resource that was taken into consideration is the report regarding Alzheimer’s disease in Australia, which is a complication relevant to dementia (IAGG, 2011). There are many different forms of dementia and each has its own causes. The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease, which accounts for 50% to 70% of dementia cases, which is again followed to as vascular dementia (Fight Alzheimer’s Save Australia, n.d.). Again, Lewy body dementia and Fronto Temporal Lobar Degeneration dementia is other forms or complications relevant to dementia. The resource mainly contains the difference in memory changes amid a person with dementia and an older person. The next resource that has been developed is a brochure regarding Alzheimer’s organization about ‘five simple steps to maximize your bra in health’. The steps include taking care of the heart, physical activity, brain activity, healthy diet and social activity to further stabilize the health of the brain (Australian Indigenous Health, 2013). The fourth resource was published by the National Health Institute, 2010 on the Biological Basis of Behavioral Symptoms in Dementia. It contains both biological and psychological aspects of health. The biological